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Judul : Android Basics
link : Android Basics
Security model in Android
Following are the the important building blocks / components , which are frequently used while developing android applications
Anda sekarang membaca artikel Android Basics dengan alamat link https://googleandroiddevelopertutorial.blogspot.com/2013/05/android-basics.html
Judul : Android Basics
link : Android Basics
Android Basics
Android Fundamentals and Components
Mobile Application trends
By 2013, mobile phones will overtake PCs as the most common way to access the internet, according to research company Gartner. Looking at the recent trends, mobile phones are not just for making calls anymore in fact a study revealed that making phone calls with the smartphone was only the fifth most popular use for the gadget. People spend more time using their smartphones for browsing the web, checking emails, using mobile applications, social networks, games, music and more. As more and more devices penetrating the market, the need for appropriate apps have also increased for consumers and enterprises both. More than 1.7 million applications have been downloaded 65 billion times and the numbers are rapidly increasing
Android remains the leader in the smartphone operating system market.Android and iOS, the number one and number two ranked smartphone operating systems (OS) worldwide, combined for 92.3% of all smartphone shipments during the first quarter of 2013 (1Q13) as Windows Phone crept past BlackBerry for 3rd place. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, Android smartphone vendors and Apple shipped a total of 199.5 million units worldwide during 1Q13, up 59.1% from the 125.4 million units shipped during 1Q12.
Top Five Smartphone Operating Systems, Shipments, and Market Share, 1Q 2013 (Units in Millions)
Operating System | 1Q13 Shipment Volume | 1Q13 Market Share | 1Q12 Shipment Volume | 1Q12 Market Share | Year over Year Change |
Android | 162.1 | 75.0% | 90.3 | 59.1% | 79.5% |
iOS | 37.4 | 17.3% | 35.1 | 23.0% | 6.6% |
Windows Phone | 7.0 | 3.2% | 3.0 | 2.0% | 133.3% |
BlackBerry OS | 6.3 | 2.9% | 9.7 | 6.4% | -35.1% |
Linux | 2.1 | 1.0% | 3.6 | 2.4% | -41.7% |
Symbian | 1.2 | 0.6% | 10.4 | 6.8% | -88.5% |
Others | 0.1 | 0.0% | 0.6 | 0.4% | -83.3% |
Total | 216.2 | 100.0% | 152.7 | 100.0% | 41.6% |
Android on Rise
. The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008. In October 2012, there were approximately 700,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from Google Play, Android's primary app store, was 25 billion.
These factors have contributed towards making Android the world's most widely used smartphone platform, overtaking Symbian in the fourth quarter of 2010.
Android had a worldwide smartphone market share of 75% during the third quarter of 2012, with 750 million devices activated in total and 1.5 million activations per day. The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies. As of May 2013, a total of 900 million Android devices have been activated and 48 billion apps have been installed from the Google Play store
Definition for Android
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system(Linux-based operating system kernel), middleware and key applications designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of theOpen Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.
Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License.] This open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. Additionally, Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of devices, written primarily in a customized version of the Javaprogramming language.
Android is the software of choice for technology companies who require a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles, digital cameras and other electronics. Android's open nature has further encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems.
Security model in Android
Android application will be started in its own process.When an apps is installed to a device it creates unique user and group ID for every Android apps. Each application will have a file which is private to this generated user other applications cannot access these files.Every Android application is isolated from other in underlying Linux operating system.If data needs to be shared across application android provides a mechanism called content provider which allows to share data between applications
Android Versions and API level:
The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android OS updates to date, listed by their official application programming interface (API) levels.Following are the the important building blocks / components , which are frequently used while developing android applications
1. Activities
2. Services
3. Broadcast Receivers
4. Content Providers
While developing application, requirements come like, passing messages with in an application (one screen to another) or between different applications.lets say or example: if a new message came to our phone we get notification in notification bar for that new message. message receving component of the application has to send message to to notification bar . There needs a communication between the above mentioned components which is done through the components listed below.
1.Intents
2. Intent Filters
The User Interface elements are made up the below components, which we called:
1. Views
2. Notifications
Android Activity
Activity is the basic building block of every visible android application. It provides the means to render a GUI.Views are the GUI components (eg: Button, EditText,Spinner,List etc ) which makes up the Activity(screen). Every screen in an application is an activity by itself. We can call each visible component as an activity in android. Though more than one activities work together to present an application sequence, each activity is an independent entity. Just have a look on the below image, which explain the life cycle of an activity.
Life Cycle of an Activity in Android
Android Services
Service is another building block of android applications which does not provide any UI. It is a program that can run in the background for an indefinite period. That means if we want to do a long operation (example: download data from internet), then we need to create an Android service for this purpose.
Android Service is neither a separate process nor a thread, by using Android Service, we just inform the Android OS that, We are going to do a background processing.
· Android Service also expose some functionality to other applications using the bind mechanism.
Generally Android Service is two types.
· Started Service (Unbounded)
This type of service is created and called by Android Activities. There is no 2 way communication between Android Activity and Service. The Activity just started the service and does not care about the status of the service. The Service will finish it’s work and automatically stops when finish it’s job.
· Bound Service (Bounded)
This type of Android Service is for two way communication. Suppose an Android Activity has started a bound service, then Activity can be notified the status by the service.
LifeCycle of a Service in Android
Android Broadcast Receivers
Broadcast Receiver is yet another type of component that can receive and respond to any broadcast announcements.For example; when a new message came to your inbox, this information will be broadcasted for other applications. If any application wants to do something while a new message comes to your inbox, then it can receive the broadcasted message details (Like: sender’s number, content etc.) and process accordingly. Your application must be registered to that receiver to receive the broadcasted message.
Android Content Providers
Content Providers are a separate league of components that expose a specific set of data to applications. Let’s take an example: If you want to search a contact in your contact database (Like: name, number etc), then you can use Content Provider for this purpose. You can say Content provider is the pointer in your application to a specific data base from other application.
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Android Basics
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